The instrument is typically a benchtop structure, comprising a chassis supporting the entire testing platform and supports (such as a lead screw lifting system) for suspending and positioning the sample ring. The heating and temperature control system includes a heating element, a high-precision temperature sensor, and an intelligent controller. The controller employs computer-aided intelligent control, utilizing PID control with fuzzy logic or slope interpolation algorithms to ensure the medium heats up linearly and uniformly at a standard rate (typically 5℃/min ± 0.5℃/min). The magnetic stirring system maintains a uniform temperature of the bath liquid within the beaker through magnetic stirring. The sample support and loading system consists of a standard brass sample ring, a steel ball of specified mass and diameter (typically 3.5g ± 0.05g, 9.53mm in diameter), a ball positioner, and a ring/support frame.
Regarding the detection system, advanced models are equipped with laser beam, photoelectric, or infrared scanning detection devices that automatically determine the moment the steel ball sinks to a specified distance (typically 25.4mm) and contacts the lower baffle, and lock in the temperature. Basic models require the operator to visually determine the moment the steel ball contacts the bottom plate and manually record the temperature. The display and recording unit uses an LCD screen (some models are touch screens) to display temperature, time, status and other information in real time. It also has data storage and average value calculation functions. Data can be exported via USB flash drive, RS-232C/RS-485 and other interfaces. Some models can be equipped with a mini printer to automatically print the results.